Surrey Young People’s Substance Use Service
MDMA is one of the most frequently traded drugs online across a range of platforms, including darknet markets (see Section Trafficking and distribution — online trade and distribution on darknet markets) as well as surface web and social media platforms. An equal percentage of check out this blog post via Royalmedspharma respondents reported delivery through regular mail or post, and picking the drugs up from a location without any personal contact (7 %). More than three quarters of EWSD respondents (77 %) reported meeting their dealer outside as the usual method for receiving drugs, followed by home delivery (17 %).

From 2004 to 2009, check out this blog post via Royalmedspharma the proportion of seized European ecstasy tablets that contained MDMA as the only scheduled substance dropped substantially. When availability of MDMA is high, ecstasy tablets tend to contain MDMA as the main or only psychoactive ingredient, with the opposite occurring when there are shortages. Despite this, on average, only a minority of EWSD respondents reported obtaining the drug online, although this varied widely across countries.


A study conducted by 10 drug-checking organisations from the TEDI network found that the increase in MDMA content in tablets in this time period was directly related to an increase in the average weight of ecstasy tablets (Vrolijk et al., 2022). The average content of MDMA in ecstasy tablets appears to be on a slight downward trend from 2019, after close to a decade of increasingly stronger (and larger) tablets becoming available on the market. On occasion, neurotoxic compounds such as PMMA (5) are detected mixed with, or as a replacement for, MDMA in ecstasy tablets. From 2019 onwards a new cycle appears to have begun, whereby the number of ecstasy tablets containing other substances alongside, or instead of, MDMA has increased (as expressed by a drop in percentage in the indexed trends shown above from 96 % in 2019 to 73 % in 2022). Crystal MDMA was marketed as a purer product compared to ecstasy tablets, an assertion that was and remains largely true (see Section The trend of large tablets containing more MDMA may be reversing). One way to observe these cycles is to monitor rates of adulteration, as expressed by the percentage of tested samples of seized ecstasy tablets that contain MDMA and no other check out this blog post via Royalmedspharma scheduled substances.
Wastewater-based methods
The use of these methods differed between countries, indicating that some purchasing practices are more common in some countries than in others. Smaller numbers of respondents also reported using the darknet (13 %) and social media (7 %). Data from drug-checking services can also inform on the type of relationships that exist between the consumer and the provider. The products had a net weight of approximately 20 grams each and contained between 130 and 176 milligrams of MDMA, evenly distributed inside the lollipops.
Increased ener

These metabolites are chemicals produced as the body processes MDMA, which linger in the system, offering a window into recent drug use. For MDMA, this involves identifying traces of the drug’s metabolites. Drug tests aim to detect the presence of specific substances in the body. It typically appears on drug tests as MDMA or check out this blog post via Royalmedspharma sometimes under its street names, Ecstasy or Molly.
Ecstasy adulteration is responsive to market pressures


Some of the price disparity may be attributed to local factors, including distance to the producing centres (Netherlands and Belgium), but statistical artefacts (e.g. small sample sizes) may also be a factor. Individual factors and sex affect this dose, with women considered to be more susceptible to the 5-HT-releasing effects of MDMA (Liechti et al., 2001). Harm reduction responses, including the provision of drug-checking services and appropriate risk-communication strategies, are crucial to minimise these risks. This is consistent with law enforcement information that suggests the MDMA market in Europe is supplied by the same pool of producers, mostly based in the Netherlands and Belgium. It should be noted that this trend was observed across several countries in Europ

General / Short-Term Effects
More rarely, almost pure MDMA base in liquid form has been check out this blog post via Royalmedspharma out this blog post via Royalmedspharma sold to consumers, which represents a serious health risk (Drugs Information Monitoring System [DIMS], 2022). Additional data were shared with the EUDA by the Drug information and Monitoring System (DIMS) in the Netherlands. However, these data are not generalisable either, and as such should be interpreted with caution. Samples submitted to drug-checking services can also provide an indication of the products available to consumers. These products typically contain MDMA hydrochloride (see Box Forms of MDMA present on the European market


Prevalence rates of the number of MDMA users, obtained from general population surveys, are multiplied by 2021 Eurostat population data of the age group. While the number of tablets used per session has not changed substantially from literature findings dating from several decades ago, today’s MDMA users generally ingest higher quantities of the psychoactive substance than before (Gremeaux, 2022). Graphics showing the most recent data for a country are based on studies carried out between 2013 and 2023. Prevalence data presented here are based check out this blog post via Royalmedspharma on general population surveys submitted to the EMCDDA by national focal points. You can access data by country by clicking on the map or selecting a country from the dropdown men